What is Government as an Institution of the State?

An institution could be structural or organisational contrivance for a specified function or functions. Government as an institution is such a contrivance by the state to ensure greatest happiness of the greatest number of the citizenry. The body of persons upon whom the destiny of the people is entrusted either to make or mar it is the institution of government. This institution formulates, expresses and implements the will of the state. It performs the function for which it was established for and on behalf of the state such that if the executive arm of government implements the law; the judicial arm interpretes the law; and the legislature makes the law, they do it all for the state. 

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What is Government?

The Definitions of Government

The concept of government has generally been defined as the form or way of leadership. This definition implies that the act or action or inaction of government persist in every organisation such as clubs, schools, business units, church, voluntary associations and even the family. Ibezim (1994:01) defined government as "the agency through which the will of the state is realized." The will of the state here implies that the objectives of the state are realized through the agents of the state who are either elected or selected by the people or even imposed on them for purposes of rule-making, rule implementation and rule adjudication. In the same vein, Olisa, Ekwueme and Nwabufo (1991:02) dubbed government as a body people and institutions that make and execute the laws of a state, make and implement its policies, conduct its affairs and maintain law and order within its territory. Furthermore, Dare and Oyewole (1987) contended that government is nothing but the structures and systems by which decisions and rules are determined and enforced by all members of the society. Simply put was the position of Appadorai (1975:12) which argued that government is the agency or mechinary through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and realized. Government embodies the some total of the legislative, executive and judicial powers in a state.

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What is Enuresis?

Definitions of Enuresis

• Involuntary urination, which may be caused by a variety of factors. These include disorders of the kidneys, bladder, or ureter and/or poor control of the muscles that control the release of urine. (Enuresis 2013)

• Enuresis is the medical term for the inability to control urine in persons who are already toilet trained.(Study.Com, n.d.)

• Enuresis is the involuntary discharge of urine by a child age 5 and over. (Psychology Today 2014)

References

Enuresis (2013). "Defining Enuresis." Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3264

Psychology Today (2014). "Enuresis." Retrieved fromhttps://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/enuresis

Study.Com (n.d.). "What Is Enuresis? - Definition, Causes & Treatment." Retrieved from http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-enuresis-definition-causes-treatment.html

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What is Community?

Definitions of Community

• A community is a group of people who have something in common. (Living as a Community, n.d.)

• Community refers to both the development of a social grouping and also the nature of the relationship among the members. (Ontario Healthy Communities Coalition, n.d.).

• A community is an organic, natural set of relationships, a group in which membership is valued as an end in itself; which concerns itself with many significant aspects of the lives of members; which allows competing factions; whose members share commitment to a common purpose and to procedures for handling conflict in the group; whose members have responsibility for actions of the group; and whose members have an enduring and extensive personal contact with each other.” (Roberts, 1979).

• A group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations. (MacQueen et al., 2001: 1929).

• A group of people who share common culture, values, and/or interests, based on social identity and/or territory, and who have some means of recognising and (inter)acting upon these commonalities. (Gregory (2009: 103)

References

Gregory, D. (2009). ‘Community’ in Gregory, D., Johnston, R., Pratt, G.,Watts, R.J., & Whatmore, S. (eds.) Dictionary of Human Geography, Malden, MA & Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 103-4

Living as a Community (n.d.). "The Origins of Community." Retrieved from http://www.legana.org/studies/community/001origins.htm 

MacQueen, K.M., McLellan, E., Metzger, D.S. & Kegeles, S. (2001). ‘What is Community? An Evidence-Based Definition for Participatory Public Health’ American Journal of Public Health, 91 (12), pp. 1929-1938

Ontario Healthy Communities Coalition (n.d.). "Definition and Characteristics of Communities." Retrieved from http://www.ohcc-ccso.ca/en/courses/community-development-for-health-promoters/module-one-concepts-values-and-principles/definit

Roberts, H. (1979). Community Development: Learning and Action, University of Toronto Press,(ISBN: 0-8020-6351-9 PBK)

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What is Politics?

Definition of Politics

• Politics, in the broadest sense, is the activity through which pepole make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. (Maita, n.d)

• Politics presupposes a diversity of view, if not about ultimate aims, at least the best ways of achieving them". (Miller, 1987, p.390)

• Politics I take to be the activity of attending to the general arrangements of a set of people whom chance or choice have brought together. (Leftwich, 1984, p.112)

• It is the science of governance in the control of the external and internal affairs of the state. (Bueno, 2012)

• Who gets what, when and how. (Lasswell, 1936)

• Authoritative allocation of values. (Easton, 1953)

• Conciliation of conflicting interests. (Crick 1962)

References

Bueno, C. F. (2012). "The General Meaning and Concept of Politics." Retrieved fromhttp://savior.hubpages.com/hub/meaningpolitics 

Crick, B. (1962). “In Defense of Politics.” University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Easton, D. (1953). “The Political System: An Inquiry into the State of Political Science.” Alfred A. 

Knopf, New York.

Lasswell, H. (1936). “Politics: Who gets what, when, how”. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Leftwich, A (1984) What is Politics? (Oxford: Basil Blackwell)

Maita, M. (n.d.) "Definig Politics." Retrieved from http://www.maitah.com/PC/defining%20politics.pdf 

Miller, D (1987). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought (Oxford: Basil Blackwell) 

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